Global North countries see Russia and China as their primary strategic adversaries. In this context, a new threat is posed by Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), which specifically refers to non-illegal patterns of behaviour as opposed to disinformation that covers specific content. In our report, we offer a uniquely Indian perspective on FIMI. Russia and China have different motivations, both for FIMI in general as well as its specific application to India. Russia seeks to present the conflict in Ukraine in favourable terms to promote the strength of its economy, particularly its arms industry, to secure favourable orders. China, on the other hand, seeks to obtain geostrategic primacy over India, and compete for influence over other South Asian countries and other countries in the Global South. When we think of solutions for India, we should address the specific problem of FIMI without opening the door to unintended consequences brought about by low state capacity. This is why we offer solutions that involve research, partnership and cooperation between the government of India, its innovative private sector, research and philanthropic organisations in India as well as in other countries, as well as the global technology giants. This field is ripe for the development of Digital Public Goods (DPGs) and common standards where the EU, its member states, and civil society organisations could certainly play an important role.

Concerns About Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI): An Indian perspective, University of Navarra and XKDR Forum, Project Report, February 2024